• Umayyads took most of Spain [711] and entered France where their expansion was stopped [732, Tours].
• Byzantium reduced the wealth of rich religious monasteries by declaring religious images illegal [726/780, iconoclasm]. Thousands of works of art were destroyed. Venice declared itself independent from Byzantium [727].
• The Gurjurat and Pratihara protected north India from Arab attacks for 200 years [740/916].